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Process of Total Project Planning/ Total project planning process  Planning is the process of setting objective, goals and future course of action. It is future-oriented. It helps in selecting and allocating resources for the future. It specifies ways and means of implementing actions. It determines the answer of questions like what, when, how will, where, why reasons.  Project planning is the roadmap for the only project because it prepares the guidelines for allocating resources and their proper utilization. Project planning includes/ involves in designing, budgeting, scheduling the resources. It is the weapon to accomplish the objectives of any project.  Project planning is part of total project planning. Planning is a systematic way of doing things.  Steps in the planning process:  1. Analyzing opportunities  2. Setting goals  3. Developing Premises  4. Determining and Evaluat...

  A schedule prepared at present to achieve the present to achieve the predetermined targets in future is called planning. It reduces the uncertainties. It is the primary function of management. Infact it is the process of setting projects goals and helps to achieve specific goal. It identifies all key project tasks to be accomplished. It prepares detail schedules and then schedule are used for procuring equipment, materials, organizing the required resources, sequencing and measuring task performance. Types of project planning: i. Strategic planning ii. Tactical planning and iii. Operational planning A road map which manages project is called the project planning. It teaches about how to achieve project goals. It includes the detailed design, schedule constitution, distribution of resources, etc. of the project a predetermined schedule about what is to be done, how to do, why to do, when to do, who does it, how much to do, by whom to be done, etc. in order to achieve the...

  Project manager have several responsibilities when managing. Project manager must keep tasks on schedule, stay within budget and manage parties to produce high quality of product and services. Project manager has integrated within the constraints (i.e. cost, time, quality) related responsibilities are issues relating to professionalism. As a project manager s/he interact with several people the manner in which s/he conduct him/herself and project will make an impression. As the project manager s/he have following responsibilities: 1. Responsibility to the Parent organization Report of project work on time and make the appropriate use of resources. Provide timely and accurate information about project work. Work with parent organization culture. Follows parent organization culture, rules, norms and standard. Make decision with support to parent organization goals Work with economically viable and technically feasible. 2. Responsib...

A project manager is a professional (expert in a given field able to perform constraints, decision making power and leadership capabilities) in the field of project management. The project manager can have the responsibility of the planning, execution (implementation) and closing of any project. This individuals seldom participate directly in the activities that produce the end result but rather strives to maintain the progress and mutual interactions and tasks of various parties in such a way that reduces the risk of overall failure maximize benefits and reduce cost. In other words, anyone holding a responsible position in a project is a project manager and if he pursues his own style in discharging his so-called project management responsibilities, he can hardly be blamed. A project manager manages a team of people in order to get the project completed. Project managers are accountable for the outcome of projects. The main duties of the project manager are planning, or...

Written By: Nisha Joshi Drugs can be administered via various routes. Route of drug administration depends on Properties of the drug, therapeutic objectives and Patient factor. Properties of drug: Solubility, ionization, pH, irritancy Therapeutic objectives: site of action, rapidity of treatment Patient factor: condition of patient Route of drug administration can be divided as: Enteral  Oral Enteric coated preparation Extended release preparation Sublingual/ buccal Parenteral Intravenous Intramuscular Subcutaneous     Other route of drug administration: Inhalation ii.   Topical iii.  Transdermal iv.  Rectal v.   Intrathecal/ Intraventicular vi.  Intra arterial vii. Intra pleural viii.Intraperitoneal ix.  Intra articular       x.    Intra ocular       xi. ...

     Project Management: Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort to accomplish a successful project. It is the discipline of planning, organizing, securing and managing resources to achieve specific goals. The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all of the project goals and objectives while honoring the perceived/ define constraints ( time, cost, quality, space).  The secondary elements are more ambitions challenge is to optimize the allocation and integration of input resources to meet pre-defined objective. (e.g. Assume you has Rs. 100 far a day; spending on food, copy, pen, mobile phone call and bus fee is Rs. 45, Rs. 10, Rs. 15, Rs. 30 and Rs. 20 respectively). As a discipline, Project management developed from several fields of application including Civil construction, engineering and heavy defense activity. The prefathers’ of project management are ‘Henry Gantt’ called the father of ‘planning and control ...

Income received from tax and non- tax source is known as government revenue. Government has different responsibilities in modern social welfare states. To perform all these functions, it should have income. Government collects income from tax sources i.e. direct + indirect tax and non-tax sources i.e. fine, fees, royalty, interest, dividends, etc. Sources of government revenue:  1. Tax sources:   It is levy imposed by the government on the income wealth and capital gains of persons as well as business. It is a compulsory payment which has no direct benefit provided for the tax payer. Taxes are used to raise revenue of the government as a means of spending in the development of the economy. It may be divided into two headings:  a. Direct tax:   Tax imposed by government on the income, wealth and capital gains of persons and business (i.e. profit) is known as direct tax. The impact and incidence both of direct tax lay on same ...